debian
This commit is contained in:
Marc Beninca
parent
f7a8a0ba62
commit
26478193b0
7 changed files with 3 additions and 4 deletions
9
in/public/debian/index.rst
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9
in/public/debian/index.rst
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debian
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======
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.. toctree::
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mirror
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packages
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repositories
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system
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57
in/public/debian/mirror.rst
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57
in/public/debian/mirror.rst
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******
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Mirror
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******
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apt-mirror
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==========
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.. todo:: syntax
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debmirror
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=========
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traditional
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-----------
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.. code:: shell
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debmirror \
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--source \
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--method="http" \
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--host="sous.domaine.tld" \
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--root="chemin/ressource" \
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--dist="stretch" \
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--section="main" \
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--keyring="/etc/apt/trusted.gpg" \
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--arch="amd64" \
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--check-gpg \
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--checksums \
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--diff="none" \
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--postcleanup \
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--progress \
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--rsync-extra="none" \
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--timeout=360000 \
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--verbose \
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"répertoire_miroirs/nom" \
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debian only
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-----------
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.. code:: shell
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--di-arch="arches" \
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--di-dist="stretch" \
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--i18n \
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--keyring="/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg" \
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violations
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----------
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.. code:: shell
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--no-source \
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--method="https" \
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--root="/" \
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--ignore-missing-release \
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--dist="nom,chemin/ressource" \
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--section="autre,1.2/main" \
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201
in/public/debian/packages.rst
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201
in/public/debian/packages.rst
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********
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Packages
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********
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Base
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====
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+-----------+
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| locales |
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| apt-utils |
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| dialog |
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+-----------+
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System
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======
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+-------------------+
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| linux-image-amd64 |
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| systemd-sysv |
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| live-boot |
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+-------------------+
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Drivers
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=======
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+------------------------+
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| firmware-linux-nonfree |
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| firmware-iwlwifi |
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+------------------------+
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Architecture
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============
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+----------------+
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| clonezilla |
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| debootstrap |
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| gparted |
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| squashfs-tools |
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+----------------+
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Desktop
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=======
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+------------+
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| gnome |
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| gnome-core |
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+------------+
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Commands
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========
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.. todo:: link
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+--------------------------+
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| [bash](../bash/index.md) |
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| bash-completion |
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+--------------------------+
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Development
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===========
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+----------+
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| kdevelop |
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| nuitka |
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| python3 |
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+----------+
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Documentation
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=============
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+--------------------------------+
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| mkdocs |
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| pandoc |
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| python3-recommonmark |
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| python3-sphinx |
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| python3-sphinx-bootstrap-theme |
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| python3-sphinx-rtd-theme |
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+--------------------------------+
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Hardware
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========
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+-----------+-------+
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| dmidecode | |
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| pciutils | lspci |
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| usbutils | lsusb |
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+-----------+-------+
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Multimedia
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==========
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+----------------+
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| audacity |
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| ffmpeg |
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| mkvtoolnix |
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| subtitleeditor |
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| vlc |
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+----------------+
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Domain names
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============
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+---------+
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| bind9 |
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| unbound |
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+---------+
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Processes
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=========
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+---------+
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| htop |
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| iotop |
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| jnettop |
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+---------+
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Security
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========
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.. todo:: link
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+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
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| openssh-client | Utiliser un service de connexion sécurisée |
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| [openssh-server](../openssh-server/index.md) | Héberger un service de connexion sécurisée |
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| sudo | Changer de privilèges le temps d’une commande |
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| tcplay | |
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+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
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Text
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====
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+------+
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| nano |
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| vim |
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+------+
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Versioning
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==========
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+--------+
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| git |
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| gitg |
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| gource |
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+--------+
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Virtualization
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==============
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+---------------------+
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| build-essential |
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| dkms |
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| linux-headers-amd64 |
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| lxc |
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| virt-manager |
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+---------------------+
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Web
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===
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+-------------+
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| firefox |
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| firefox-esr |
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| wget |
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+-------------+
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To sort
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=======
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+--------------+
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| apparmor |
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| curl |
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| iputils-ping |
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| less |
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| locate |
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| man |
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| ncdu |
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| numlockx |
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| qdirstat |
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| syslog-ng |
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| tree |
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+--------------+
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+--------------------------+
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| firmware-linux-free |
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| firmware-linux-nonfree |
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| firmware-misc-nonfree |
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| xserver-xorg-video-intel |
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+--------------------------+
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+---------------------+
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| blender |
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| deadbeef |
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| filezilla |
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| ghex |
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| hexchat |
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| libreoffice |
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| mumble |
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| texlive-lang-french |
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| texlive-xetex |
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| thunderbird |
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+---------------------+
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148
in/public/debian/repositories.rst
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148
in/public/debian/repositories.rst
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************
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Repositories
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************
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Keys
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====
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archive
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-------
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Master key
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* E0B11894F66AEC98 Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key <ftpmaster@debian.org>
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Subkey
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* 04EE7237B7D453EC Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (9/stretch) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
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Deprecated
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* 7638D0442B90D010 Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (8/jessie) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
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security
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--------
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* 9D6D8F6BC857C906 Debian Security Archive Automatic Signing Key (8/jessie) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
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And, for some reason, this one used with testing/updates
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* 8B48AD6246925553 Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (7.0/wheezy) <ftpmaster@debian.org>
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Locations
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=========
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* content delivery network
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* https://deb.debian.org/debian
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* https://deb.debian.org/debian-security
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* legacy
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* http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian
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* http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian
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* http://security.debian.org
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Structure
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=========
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* ? changelogs
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* ? DEP-11
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* ? doc
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* ? extrafiles
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* ? indices
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* dists
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* ?
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* dists
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* oldstable
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* oldstable-backports
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* oldstable-updates
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* stable
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* stable-backports
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* stable-updates
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Files
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=====
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README
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------
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============================= ===================================================
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oldoldstable, or wheezy the released Debian 7.11
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oldstable, or jessie the released Debian 8.9
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stable, or stretch the released Debian 9.2
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oldoldstable-proposed-updates possible updates to Debian 7
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oldstable-proposed-updates possible updates to Debian 8
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stable-proposed-updates possible updates to Debian 9
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wheezy-updates important updates to Debian 7
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jessie-updates important updates to Debian 8
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stretch-updates important updates to Debian 9
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testing, or buster the development version of the next release
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unstable, or sid untested candidate packages for future releases
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experimental, or rc-buggy experimental packages to be used on top of unstable
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============================= ===================================================
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Release
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-------
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contrib main non-free
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|
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* ?/Contents-*
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* ?/Contents-source
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* ?/Contents-udeb-*
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* ?/binary-all
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* ?/binary-*
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* ?/debian-installer/binary-all
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* ?/debian-installer/binary-*
|
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* ?/dep11/Components-*
|
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* ?/dep11/icons
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* ?/i18n
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* main/installer-*
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* ?/contrib/source
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::
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Origin: Debian
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Label: Debian
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Suite: stable
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Version: 9.2
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Codename: stretch
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Changelogs: http://metadata.ftp-master.debian.org/changelogs/@CHANGEPATH@_changelog
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Date: Sat, 07 Oct 2017 09:44:42 UTC
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Acquire-By-Hash: yes
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Architectures: amd64 arm64 armel armhf i386 mips mips64el mipsel ppc64el s390x
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Components: main contrib non-free
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Description: Debian 9.2 Released 07 October 2017
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MD5Sum:
|
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f9bbab6d94f45e56c672017d8720a24c 1181459 contrib/Contents-amd64
|
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…
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SHA256:
|
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e3bf2ecc2ce89bc48e2339b86ceaba9e1fff7d6668eafab1445e7f7990c4802e 1181459 contrib/Contents-amd64
|
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…
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Packages
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--------
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|
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::
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|
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Package: astrometry-data-2mass-00
|
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Source: astrometry-data-2mass
|
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Version: 1.1
|
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Installed-Size: 13882041
|
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Maintainer: Debian Astronomy Team <debian-astro-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
|
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Architecture: all
|
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Depends: astrometry.net, curl
|
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Enhances: astrometry.net
|
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Description: Astrometry.net 2MASS index files downloader (2'-2.8')
|
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Homepage: http://data.astrometry.net/4200
|
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Description-md5: b0effd246d35f7c4108f5a91527965cd
|
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Section: contrib/science
|
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Priority: optional
|
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Filename: pool/contrib/a/astrometry-data-2mass/astrometry-data-2mass-00_1.1_all.deb
|
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Size: 3204
|
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MD5sum: 1a51ad538ca17d1113802820856dc4d5
|
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SHA256: 36eafa5e9dbea55ecea5b2595f0d7c0a591e0831e20ac3ac98a239605074798a
|
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325
in/public/debian/system.rst
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325
in/public/debian/system.rst
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******************
|
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Image from scratch
|
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******************
|
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|
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.. todo::
|
||||
|
||||
* /etc/motd
|
||||
|
||||
Choices
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
have up-to-date mirrors available
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. todo:: mirrors
|
||||
|
||||
critical base packages
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
| locales | to get localization binaries for system messages |
|
||||
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
| apt-utils | otherwise packages configuration gets delayed |
|
||||
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
| dialog | to have user interaction possible with APT |
|
||||
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
decide the desired type of system
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* le système sera-t-il architecturé
|
||||
* en 64 bits ?
|
||||
* en 32 bits ?
|
||||
* les 2 ?!
|
||||
* le système sera-t-il exécuté
|
||||
* sur une machine physique ?
|
||||
* dans une machine virtuelle ?
|
||||
* dans un conteneur ?
|
||||
* dans un conteneur dans une machine virtuelle ?
|
||||
* le système sera-t-il utilisé
|
||||
* en écriture, sur un support de stockage ?
|
||||
* en lecture, chargé en mémoire au démarrage ?
|
||||
|
||||
Install required tools
|
||||
======================
|
||||
|
||||
============== ========================================
|
||||
debootstrap generate a minimal base file system
|
||||
squashfs-tools archive or unarchive a file system image
|
||||
============== ========================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt install debootstrap squashfs-tools
|
||||
|
||||
Create a base file hierarchy
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
prepare the system's directory
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* devenir root
|
||||
* créer un répertoire, et s’y positionner
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
su
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p "chemin"
|
||||
cd "chemin"
|
||||
|
||||
generate the minimal base
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
debootstrap \
|
||||
--arch="amd64" \
|
||||
--include="locales,apt-utils,dialog" \
|
||||
--variant="minbase" \
|
||||
"stretch" \
|
||||
. \
|
||||
"miroir"
|
||||
|
||||
Configure preinstalled packages
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
|
||||
define default keyboard layouts
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* /etc/default/keyboard
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
XKBMODEL="pc105"
|
||||
XKBLAYOUT="fr,fr"
|
||||
XKBVARIANT="oss,bepo"
|
||||
XKBOPTIONS=""
|
||||
BACKSPACE="guess"
|
||||
|
||||
define default locales to generate
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* etc/default/locale
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
|
||||
LANGUAGE=en_US:en
|
||||
LC_CTYPE="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_NUMERIC="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_TIME="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_COLLATE="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_MONETARY="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_PAPER="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_NAME="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_ADDRESS="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_TELEPHONE="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_MEASUREMENT="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
LC_IDENTIFICATION="fr_FR.UTF-8"
|
||||
|
||||
* etc/locale.gen
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
|
||||
fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
|
||||
|
||||
[configure command shell](../bash/index.md)
|
||||
-------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
[configure package manager](../apt/index.md)
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
redefine hostname
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
echo "hostname" > "etc/hostname"
|
||||
|
||||
provide known file systems
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* etc/fstab
|
||||
|
||||
Volume temporaire en RAM
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs auto,mode=1777 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
Install additional packages
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
|
||||
switch into context
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
mount --bind /proc proc
|
||||
mount --bind /sys sys
|
||||
chroot .
|
||||
|
||||
.. todo:: /dev
|
||||
|
||||
generate locales
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
locale-gen
|
||||
|
||||
define root password
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
passwd
|
||||
|
||||
user, guest, sudo
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install sudo
|
||||
|
||||
useradd -s /bin/bash user
|
||||
mkdir /home/user
|
||||
chown user: /home/user
|
||||
adduser user sudo
|
||||
|
||||
useradd -s /bin/bash guest
|
||||
chown guest: /home/guest
|
||||
|
||||
authentications: passwords, SSH keys
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. todo:: files
|
||||
|
||||
upgrade system
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
* dans tous les cas :
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get update
|
||||
apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
* si besoin, car des paquets rétroportés modifient la distribution :
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
apply system type elements
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
================= ==================================================
|
||||
linux-image-amd64 s’il ne s’agit pas d’un conteneur
|
||||
live-boot si à destination de boot live
|
||||
systemd-sysv sans quoi le système ne démarrera pas complètement
|
||||
================= ==================================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install -t stretch-backports "linux-image-amd64"
|
||||
apt-get install "live-boot"
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
initialization settings
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install -t stretch-backports "systemd-sysv"
|
||||
|
||||
* etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
|
||||
Espace mémoire maximum allouable (à augmenter si hébergement de conteneurs)
|
||||
Pourcentage de RAM disponible avant utilisation de la partition d’échange
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: ini
|
||||
|
||||
vm.max_map_count=1048576
|
||||
vm.swappiness=0
|
||||
|
||||
keeping things light
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install --no-install-recommends …
|
||||
|
||||
install useful packages
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install \
|
||||
bash-completion \
|
||||
lxc \
|
||||
less nano vim \
|
||||
pciutils usbutils \
|
||||
python3 \
|
||||
squashfs-tools \
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install -t "stretch-backports" \
|
||||
debootstrap \
|
||||
|
||||
install other packages
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
[Choix de paquets commentés](packages.md)
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get install "package1" …
|
||||
apt-get install -t stretch-backports "package1" …
|
||||
|
||||
properly switch back from context
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* vider le cache d’APT
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get clean
|
||||
|
||||
* s’extraire de l’environnement
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
exit
|
||||
|
||||
* démonter les liens au système hôte
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
umount sys
|
||||
umount proc
|
||||
|
||||
clean up commands history
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* root/.bash_history
|
||||
|
||||
Configure installed packages
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
.. todo:: files
|
||||
|
||||
Archive prepared file system
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
.. code:: shell
|
||||
|
||||
mksquashfs . "../name.squashfs" -comp "xz"
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue